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Penimbal dan pH

Isi maklumat yang diperlukan dan lihat keputusan terus dalam pelayar anda.

Use it as a classroom companion or lab prep tool: see molar conversions, ratio r, and the assumptions behind the H–H approximation alongside a boleh dikongsi How it’s calculated log.

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HA (weak acid)
A⁻ (conjugate base)

Notes & assumptions

The Henderson–Hasselbalch approximation assumes a buffer where both HA and A⁻ remain present. Extremely small ratios (r < 0.01) or very large ratios (r > 100) break that assumption, as do pH values near the extremes of water auto-ionisation. Watch for warnings and switch to a full equilibrium solver if one component is depleted.

β is computed as 2.303·CT·(Ka[H⁺])/(Ka+[H⁺])², with an optional water contribution [H⁺]+Kw/[H⁺]. Set CT to the buffer’s total analytical concentration for the best estimate.

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