Calculadora de propriedades coligativas — ebulição, congelamento, osmótico

Q: Posso use electrolytes with this tool?

Yes. Set the van&rsquo;t Hoff factor i to the effective number of dissolved particles per formula unit (for example i ≈ 2 for ideal NaCl, i ≈ 3 for ideal CaCl₂). For concentrated or strongly non-ideal solutions, this simple i-factor model only gives an aproximação.

Chemistry · Solutions

Boiling-point elevation, freezing-point depression and osmotic pressure

Enter a solute mass, molar mass, van’t Hoff factor and solvent data to Calcular molality, ΔTb, ΔTf and π, or switch to molar-mass mode to infer an unknown M from an experiment. A classic classroom exercise is to compare a 1.0 m non-electrolyte with an ideal NaCl solution (i ≈ 2) and see how doubling the number of dissolved particles roughly doubles the colligative effects.

Como usar (3 etapas)

Escolha o modo: cálculo de propriedades (ΔTb, ΔTf, π) ou massa molar a partir de dados coligativos.
Comece pelo exemplo com água ou escolha outro solvente, depois ajuste massa do soluto, massa molar, i, volumes e temperatura.
Revise o resumo e o log passo a passo; depois copie a URL para compartilhar o cenário exato com alunos ou colegas.

Todos os cálculos são executados apenas no seu navegador; nenhum dado do soluto, do solvente ou do resultado é enviado a servidores.

Entradas

Use grams for masses, litres for volumes and kelvins for temperature. The default water example corresponds to a 1.0 m non-electrolyte solution.

Exemplos rápidos:

Modo de propriedades (ΔTb, ΔTf, π) Molar mass from colligative data

Solvent

Choosing a preset fills Kb, Kf, Tb⁰ and Tf⁰ for you; you can still edit the constants manually.

Solvent name

Boiling-point elevation constant Kb (K·kg/mol)

Freezing-point depression constant Kf (K·kg/mol)

Pure solvent boiling point Tb⁰ (°C)

Pure solvent freezing point Tf⁰ (°C)

Solute name

Molar mass M (g/mol)

van’t Hoff factor i

For a non-electrolyte, take i = 1. For NaCl that dissociates ideally into two ions, i ≈ 2.

Solute mass (g)

Solvent mass (g)

Solution volume (L, optional for π)

Temperature T (K) for π

Resultados

Modo: Modo de propriedades (ΔTb, ΔTf, π)

Dados coligativos: From boiling-point elevation ΔTb

Esta seção resume a molalidade, as variações coligativas (ΔTb, ΔTf, π) e, no modo de massa molar, a massa molar M estimada a partir das suas medições.

Como é calculado

Steps will appear here after calculation.

Formulas (LaTeX)

Use these LaTeX forms for handouts, slides, or worked examples. They follow the same sign and unit conventions as this calculator.

Perguntas frequentes

What are colligative properties?

Colligative properties are solution properties that depend mainly on the number of dissolved particles, not on their chemical identity. Classic examples are boiling-point elevation, freezing-point depression, vapour-pressure lowering and osmotic pressure. This tool focuses on ΔTb, ΔTf and π for simple, dilute solutions using the textbook relations ΔTb = i Kb m, ΔTf = i Kf m and π = i c R T.

Posso use electrolytes with this tool?

Yes. Set the van’t Hoff factor i to the effective number of dissolved particles per formula unit (for example i ≈ 2 for ideal NaCl, i ≈ 3 for ideal CaCl₂). For concentrated or strongly non-ideal solutions, this simple i-factor model only gives an aproximação.

O que é the difference between molality m and molarity c?

Molality m uses the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent (mol/kg), while molarity c uses moles of solute per litre of solution (mol/L). This calculator uses molality together with Kb and Kf to Calcular ΔTb and ΔTf, and uses molarity and temperature when computing the osmotic pressure π. In practice that means you enter masses (in g) for solute and solvent, and only need solution volume and temperature when you are interested in π.

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