Radioactive decay/dating calculator (half-life/ratio → age)

Estimate elapsed time from half-life and survival ratio. You can also calculate survival ratio from half-life and elapsed time.

*This calculator gives an idealized exponential-decay estimate. Real dating needs extra assumptions such as closed-system checks and calibration.

Other languages 日本語 | English | 简体中文 | 繁體中文 | Español | Português (Brasil) | Bahasa Indonesia | Français | हिन्दी | العربية

Example preset

Choose a preset to fill the form and refresh results instantly.

Inputs

Half-life of representative nuclides (one-click input)
Input method

Results

Elapsed time t
Half-life number n (t/T)
Survival rate r (N/N0)
Survival rate (%)
Details (decay constant λ / average life τ)
Decay constant λ
Average lifespan τ
year definition

Graph (time → survival rate)

vertical scale

The graph shows the decay of survival rate over time. The linear display shows the survival rate %, and the logarithmic display shows the survival rate r.

Enter values to draw the survival-rate curve over time.

time Survival rate r Survival rate (%)
Displays representative points after displaying the graph.

Calculation procedure

Enter values to show the calculation steps.

Assumptions & limits

Study notes (half-life and dating)

This tool uses the simple exponential-decay model N(t)=N0·exp(-λt) (λ=ln2/T). It is suitable for checking formulas and estimating orders of magnitude.

Examples of main nuclides and uses

nuclide half-life Main usage examples
Carbon-14 (C-14) 5,730 years Archeology and paleoenvironmental samples (tens of thousands of years scale)
Potassium-40 (K-40) 1.248 billion years Geological age estimation of volcanic rocks, etc.
Uranium-238 (U-238) 4.468 billion years Earth history scale chronological discussion
Iodine 131 (I-131) 8 days Confirmation of decay of short-lived nuclides

Differences from practice (important)

FAQ

Is this age the same as the actual radiometric dating?

No. This calculator uses an ideal exponential-decay model. Real radiometric dating also needs checks for closed-system behavior, initial conditions, isotope ratios, and corrections.

What is the definition of "year"?

This tool calculates Julian year (365.25 days) as one year.

What are the units of initial amount N0 and remaining amount N?

Please enter in the same unit (g, mol, number, etc.). The ratio r=N/N0 is dimensionless.

How is the BP (Before Present) display calculated?

It shows uncalibrated BP by converting the estimated event year to a 1950 baseline. Research use requires calibration curves and measurement checks.

What should I check first before trusting this age estimate?

Confirm that the half-life, initial amount, and remaining amount all describe the same nuclide and use the same units. A mismatch there is the fastest way to produce a meaningless age.

How to use this dating calculator

This page is for classroom and lab-style back calculations from half-life data. Use it when you want to translate a remaining fraction into elapsed time, not when you need a calibrated research workflow.

Recommended path

  1. Choose the known input pattern first: half-life plus ratio, half-life plus remaining amount, or half-life plus elapsed time.
  2. Keep the same unit for initial amount and remaining amount so the ratio stays meaningful.
  3. Use the optional BP/year conversion only as an educational reference, not as a calibrated dating result.

Comments

Comments are only loaded on request (Giscus).