pH penyangga (Henderson–Hasselbalch) — kalkulator dengan langkah
Hitung pH penyangga dengan persamaan Henderson–Hasselbalch: ubah jumlah HA/A⁻ menjadi mol, hitung pH, rancang resep penyangga untuk pH target, dan simulasikan penambahan asam/basa kuat dengan kapasitas penyangga.
Gunakan sebagai pendamping kelas atau persiapan lab: lihat konversi mol, rasio r, dan asumsi di balik pendekatan H–H dalam log “Cara dihitung” yang bisa dibagikan.
Notes & assumptions
The Henderson–Hasselbalch approximation assumes a buffer where both HA and A⁻ remain present. Extremely small ratios (r < 0.01) or very large ratios (r > 100) break that assumption, as do pH values near the extremes of water auto-ionisation. Watch for warnings and switch to a full equilibrium solver if one component is depleted.
β is computed as 2.303·CT·(Ka[H⁺])/(Ka+[H⁺])², with an optional water contribution [H⁺]+Kw/[H⁺]. Set CT to the buffer’s total analytical concentration for the best estimate.
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How it's calculated
- Uses Henderson–Hasselbalch: pH = pKa + log10([A−]/[HA]).
- Assumes dilute solutions; units and ionic strength simplified.
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