pH العازل (هندرسون–هاسلبالخ) — حاسبة مع خطوات

Notes & assumptions

The Henderson–Hasselbalch approximation assumes a buffer where both HA and A⁻ remain present. Extremely small ratios (r < 0.01) or very large ratios (r > 100) break that assumption, as do pH values near the extremes of water auto-ionisation. Watch for warnings and switch to a full equilibrium solver if one component is depleted.

β is computed as 2.303·C_T·(K_a[H⁺])/(K_a+[H⁺])², with an optional water contribution [H⁺]+K_w/[H⁺]. Set C_T to the buffer’s total analytical concentration for the best estimate.

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